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Du (cuneiform)
The cuneiform du sign, also kup, and sumerograms DU and GUB, is a common-use sign of the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', the 1350 BC Amarna letters, and other cuneiform texts. In the Akkadian language for forming words, it can be used syllabically for: ''du'', or ''kup'' (and ''ku'', ''up''); also alphabetically for letters ''d'', ''u'', ''k'', or ''p''. (All the four vowels in Akkadian are interchangeable for forming words (''a, e, i, u''), thus the many choices of scribes is apparent for composing actual 'dictionary-entry' words.) It is also true in the Akkadian language, that some consonants are paired (k/g, k/q), thus the relationship between ''kup'', and sumerogram ''GUB'' is explained (k/G).
For the sumerogram ''GUB'', ''GUB'' in the Akkadian language becomes ''uzuzzu'', English language for "to stand", or "to be present"; in the Epic of Gilgamesh, ''GUB'' is only used (2)-times for ''uzuzzu'',〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Glossary, pp. 119-145, uzuzzu, p. 122.〕 and is used elsewhere in the Tablets I-XII (chapters), (15)-times.
==''Epic of Gilgamesh'' usage==
The usage numbers for ''du'' in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' are as follows:〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Sign List, pp. 155-165, Sign No. 206, du, p. 159.〕 ''du''-(148) times, ''kup''-(1), and ''DU''-(17) times.
Besides ''ša'' usage in word components of verbs, nouns, etc., it has a major usage between words. In Akkadian, for English language ''"who"'', it is an interrogative pronoun; in the Akkadian language as ''ša'', (as "that", "what"; ("that (of)", "which (of)"〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Glossary, pp. 119-145, ša, p. 139.〕), in English it used for ''who, what, which, etc.''.
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